数字化口腔种植外科导板的精确度研究

目的本研究通过分析种植体术前设计和术后的三维位置,来评估数字化口腔种植导板的精确度。方法根据修复体的生物学功能和美学要求,使用3D种植软件对种植体位置进行设计。将设计的种植导板转化为手术用种植导板,指导47颗种植体植入合适位置。通过重叠术前和术后的CT扫描图像,分析植体肩部和根部的线性误差以及植体长轴的角度误差,比较植体设计和实际植入的3D位置。结果通过比较47颗种植体发现,种植体肩部的平均误差为(0.58±0.23)mm,种植体根部的平均误差为(0.66±0.30)mm,而角度平均误差为(2.40±1.02)°。结论与传统种植手术相比,数字化无翻瓣种植技术为临床医生提供方便;然而,为确保可预测的治疗结果,精确的术前设计是必须的,如此才不会导致可能出现的术中和术后并发症。     

Clinical outcomes of patients with mitral prosthetic valve obstructive thrombosis treated with streptokinase or tenecteplase

Agent of choice for thrombolytic therapy (TT) in prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is unknown. 84 mitral obstructive-PVT episodes treated with TT (43: Tenecteplase; 41: Streptokinase) were included in this prospective study. The incidence of primary end-point (CCS: complete clinical success, defined as complete or partial hemodynamic success with no complications or surgery) was 84.5% with recurrent PVT as a sole predictor. Bleeding and embolic manifestations were noted in 8.3% and 4.7% of episodes respectively. Tenecteplase use was associated with lower complication rate and a mitral EOA of <0.74 cm² at presentation predicts the need for extended thrombolysis (accuracy, 78.6%).     

种植基台背景色及粘接剂颜色对不同厚度高透氧化锆修复体颜色的影响研究

 目的　研究种植基台背景色及粘接剂颜色对3种不同厚度高透氧化锆修复体颜色的影响，为粘接剂的选择提供指导方案。方法　制备不同厚度（1.5、2.0、2.5 mm）的高透氧化锆修复体各20个。将3种厚度修复体分别使用3种颜色粘接剂粘接于喷砂后的种植基台上，记为1.5 mm透明、有色、白色研究组，2.0 mm透明、有色、白色研究组，2.5 mm透明、有色、白色研究组；将未粘接于种植基台上的3种厚度修复体记为1.5 、2.0 和2.5 mm对照组；每组修复体各5个。应用VITA Easyshade Ⅴ比色仪测量各组修复体的色彩参数（CIE L*a*b*），并计算粘接前后修复体的色差值（ΔE），对比肉眼可察觉阈值和临床可接受阈值，以评价种植基台背景色及粘接剂颜色对不同厚度修复体颜色的影响程度。结果　（1）种植基台背景色对不同厚度修复体颜色的影响分析：1.5 mm透明研究组ΔE（8.51）高于临床可接受阈值；2.0 mm透明研究组ΔE（2.03）低于临床可接受阈值，但高于肉眼可察觉阈值；2.5 mm透明研究组ΔE（1.26）低于肉眼可察觉阈值。（2）粘接剂颜色对不同厚度修复体颜色的影响分析：当修复体厚度为1.5 mm时，仅有色研究组ΔE低于临床可接受阈值，但仍高于肉眼可察觉阈值，且不同粘接剂组间ΔE比较，差异有统计学意义（F = 21.941，P < 0.05）；当修复体厚度为2.0 mm时，不同粘接剂组间ΔE比较，差异有统计学意义（F = 13.683，P < 0.05），且均低于临床可接受阈值，仅有色研究组ΔE低于肉眼可察觉阈值，但有色研究组ΔE与透明研究组ΔE比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；当修复体厚度为2.5 mm时，不同粘接剂组间ΔE比较，差异无统计学意义（F = 0.683，P > 0.05），且均低于肉眼可察觉阈值。结论　种植基台背景色及粘接剂颜色均会对较薄高透氧化锆修复体的颜色造成影响。在种植义齿修复过程中，当设计的修复体厚度< 2.5 mm时，推荐使用与修复体颜色一致的有色粘接剂；当修复体厚度≥ 2.5 mm时，种植基台背景色和粘接剂颜色对修复体颜色的影响较小，3种粘接剂均可使用。     

Evaluation of titanium release from titanium alloy implants in patients with spinal instrumentation

ObjectiveThis study was performed to investigate the baseline serum titanium levels in patients with short-segment titanium alloy posterior instrumentation and to assess patient-, implant-, and surgery-related factors that might affect the serum titanium level.MethodTwo groups of patients were included in the study. The study group comprised 39 patients who had undergone short-segment posterior instrumentation from January 2013 to June 2016. The control group comprised 11 randomly selected patients who presented to the outpatient clinic with no history of orthopedic surgery. The serum titanium levels and inter-group differences were analyzed.ResultsThe mean serum titanium level was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. No significant difference was observed between patients with different etiologies, implants used for fusion, numbers of instrumented segments, or postoperative durations.ConclusionThe serum titanium levels of patients with posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation are significantly higher than those of the normal population even after achievement of solid fusion. These levels are not affected by the use of transverse connectors, the use of cages, the operated segments, or the duration of implants.     

Molecular biology: a guide for orthopaedic surgeons

Fracture non-union, prosthetic joint infection and fracture-related infections are complications frequently encountered by the trauma and orthopaedic surgeon. Moreover, they pose a significant socioeconomic and healthcare burden to the society. A clear understanding of the molecular biology surrounding fracture healing, as well as the pathophysiology of orthopaedic-related infections, is of paramount importance to their successful management. The first section of this article aims to explain the basic science critical to the understanding of DNA, RNA, gene and protein expression, and the molecular techniques most commonly deployed in the diagnostic and research fields of trauma and orthopaedics. The second section provides a general overview of the molecular physiology of fracture healing and biofilm, the molecular characteristics and genetic predisposition of fracture non-union, followed by discussing recent advances in molecular techniques used in the diagnosis and treatment of fracture non-union, prosthetic joint infection and fracture-related infections.     

两种上颌窦底提升术的短期临床效果研究

目的    研究上颌后牙区剩余牙槽骨高度为3 ~ < 4 mm时，行经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升或侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升同期种植体植入的短期临床效果。方法    选择2016年1月至2018年12月于西安交通大学口腔医院种植科行经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升和侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升同期种植体植入的患者45例（50侧上颌窦，上颌后牙区剩余牙槽骨高度为3 ~ < 4 mm），于术前、术后当日或术后第2天及术后6 ~ 9个月的愈合期后行影像学检查，比较两种术式的上颌窦底新骨形成高度、上颌窦底黏膜穿孔率及种植体早期成功率。结果   采用经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升或侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升同期种植体植入的分别有19例和26例（上颌窦分别为21、29侧）患者；上颌窦底黏膜穿孔率分别为4.76%和0，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。经过6 ~ 9个月的愈合期，两种术式上颌窦底新骨形成高度分别为（5.18 ± 0.48）mm和（7.32 ± 0.84）mm，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；两种术式种植体早期成功率分别为95.83%和100%，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论    当上颌后牙区剩余牙槽骨高度为3 ~ < 4 mm时，两种术式均安全可靠，早期成功率高。